Health

Weight Control

If you are overweight, you are not alone. Sixty-six percent of adults in the U.S. are overweight or obese. Achieving a healthy weight can help you control your cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar. It might also help you prevent weight-related diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis and some cancers.
Eating too much or not being physically active enough will make you overweight. To maintain your weight, the calories you eat must equal the energy you burn. To lose weight, you must use more calories than you eat. A weight-control strategy might include
  • Choosing low-fat, low-calorie foods
  • Eating smaller portions
  • Drinking water instead of sugary drinks
  • Being physically active
NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

 Eating fish tied to lower risk of colon polyps

By Kerry Grens
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who eat about three servings of fish per week have a somewhat lower chance of having polyps found during a routine colonoscopy than women who eat just one serving every two weeks, according to a new study.
The research doesn't prove that seafood protects against polyps, but it "does increase our confidence that something real is going on," said Dr. Edward Giovannucci, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, who was not involved in this study.
A polyp, also called an adenoma, is a mushroom-shaped tag of tissue that grows in the colon and can develop into colorectal cancer.
The idea researchers have been pursuing is that the omega-3 fats in fish might have an anti-inflammatory effect, similar to aspirin, that could prevent the development of polyps.
Giovannucci said that earlier experiments in animals have showed that omega-3 fats can reduce the risk of this cancer, but that studies of humans have had mixed results.
In the latest study, the researchers surveyed more than 5,300 people about their eating habits. All of the participants had come in to the researchers' practices for a colonoscopy.
The team then compared more than 1,400 women without polyps to 456 who had adenomas detected during the procedure.
Among women with adenomas, 23 percent were in the bottom fifth among fish eaters, while 15 percent were in the top fifth. That means people who eat lots of seafood are somehow protected against polyps, because otherwise the percentages should have been the same.
After accounting for differences like age, smoking and aspirin use, women who ate the most fish -- three servings a week -- were 33 percent less likely to have a polyp detected than those who ate the least -- less than a serving a week.
Of course, it's never possible to rule out that other factors could explain the findings. For instance, it's possible that fish lovers have other healthy behaviors that decrease their risk of polyps.
What's more, the study didn't follow the women to see whether either group was more likely to go on to develop cancer. But Dr. Harvey Murff, the lead author of the study and a professor at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, said polyps are a reliable predictor for cancer risk.
"Adenomas are generally believed to be the precursor" to cancer, Murff told Reuters Health. "You would think most things that would reduce adenoma risk would subsequently reduce cancer risk."
A 33 percent lower risk is not enormous, but Giovannucci said "it is important because colorectal cancer is a common cancer."
About 140,000 new cases of colon and rectal cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States, and more than 50,000 people will die from the cancer. The lifetime risk of developing the disease is about 20 percent, according to the American Cancer Society.
The men in Murff's study who ate a lot of fish did not see the same reductions in polyp risk as women, however.
Murff said he doesn't have a good explanation for that, but perhaps men are less sensitive to the omega-3s in fish and need to eat more to get any benefit. It could also be that men might eat more omega-6 fats, counteracting the effects of the omega-3s.
Omega-6 fatty acids are related to the production of a hormone called prostaglandin E2, which is associated with inflammation.
Murff explained that eating omega-3 fatty acids tamps down the body's levels of omega-6 fatty acids. In turn, the body then has reduced levels of prostaglandin E2.
He and his colleagues demonstrated this by showing that the women in the study who ate more fish -- and presumably, more omega-3s -- had lower levels of prostaglandin E2.
"We know people who have higher levels of this (hormone) are more likely to develop colorectal cancer. So in essence, by eating more omega-3 fatty acids, it's almost like taking an anti-inflammatory medication," Murff told Reuters Health.
There is still more work to be done to prove that the omega-3 fatty acids are actually the reason for the reduced colorectal cancer risk.
But, Giovannucci said, "I think this (association) has a pretty strong biologic rationale."
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/zWMCyQ The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, January 25, 2012.

Too Much Fructose Sweetener Tied to Heart Risks in Teens

FRIDAY, Jan. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Teens who consume large amounts of the food and beverage sweetener fructose show evidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk in their blood, a new study finds.
Fructose is found in fruits, while a form of fructose -- high-fructose corn syrup -- is widely used in processed foods and beverages. It's believed that adolescents' growing bodies crave the strong sweetener and food and beverage companies' advertising often targets young consumers, according to the Medical College of Georgia researchers.
Their study of 559 teens aged 14 to 18 found that diets high in fructose were associated with higher blood pressure; diabetes-related measures such as higher fasting glucose and insulin resistance; and inflammatory factors that contribute to heart and vascular disease.
Teens who consumed large amounts of fructose also tended to have lower levels of cardiovascular protectors such as HDL ("good") cholesterol and the protein adiponectin.
The connection between consuming lots of fructose and cardiovascular risk factors was even more pronounced in kids with excess belly fat, which is another known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, said the study in the February issue of the Journal of Nutrition.
"It is so very important to provide a healthy balance of high-quality food to our children and to really pay close attention to the fructose and sucrose they are consuming at their home or anyone else's," study co-first author Dr. Vanessa Bundy, a pediatric resident, said in a college news release.
"The nutrition that caregivers provide their children will either contribute to their overall health and development or potentially contribute to cardiovascular disease at an early age," she added.
The best way for parents and caregivers to encourage healthy nutrition among teens is to be good role models, Bundy said.

SOURCE: Medical College of Georgia, news release, Jan. 24, 2012

HealthDay




Exercise for children
Like adults, kids need exercise. Most children need at least an hour of physical activity every day. Regular exercise helps children

  • Feel less stressed
  • Feel better about themselves
  • Feel more ready to learn in school
  • Keep a healthy weight
  • Build and keep healthy bones, muscles and joints
  • Sleep better at night

As kids spend more time watching TV, they spend less time running and playing. Parents should limit TV, video game and computer time. Parents can set a good example by being active themselves. Exercising together can be fun for everyone. Competitive sports can help kids stay fit. Walking or biking to school, dancing, bowling and yoga are some other ways for kids to get exercise
Physical Exercise reduce health risk
There are 1,440 minutes in every day. Schedule 30 of them for physical activity!
Regular exercise is a critical part of staying healthy. People who are active live longer and feel better. Exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight. It can delay or prevent diabetes, some cancers and heart problems.
Most adults need at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least five days per week. Examples include walking briskly, mowing the lawn, dancing, swimming for recreation or bicycling. Stretching and weight training can also strengthen your body and improve your fitness level.
The key is to find the right exercise for you. If it is fun, you are more likely to stay motivated. You may want to walk with a friend, join a class or plan a group bike ride. If you've been inactive for awhile, use a sensible approach and start out slowly.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Health Problems in Pragnancy



Back Pain

If you've ever groaned, "Oh, my aching back!", you are not alone. Back pain is one of the most common medical problems, affecting 8 out of 10 people at some point during their lives. Back pain can range from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp pain. Acute back pain comes on suddenly and usually lasts from a few days to a few weeks. Back pain is called chronic if it lasts for more than three months.












Stroke







Heart Diseases Prevention

Heart disease is the leading cause of the death in the U.S. Over one quarter of all deaths are from heart disease. It is also a major cause of disability. The risk of heart disease increases as you age. You have a greater risk of heart disease if you are a man over age 45 or a woman over age 55. You also are at greater risk if you have a close family member who had heart disease at an early age.







Kidney (Renal) Diseases











Pregnancy
15/11/2011

So you're going to have a baby! Whether you are pregnant or are planning to get pregnant, you will want to give your baby a healthy start.








Breast Cancer
15/11/2011

Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there are a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include





















Aspirini huepusha saratani













Miujiza mikubwa ya Maji
 2 Novemba, 2011

Wataalamu wa tiba wameshauri kua watu ambao afya yao inakabiliwa na uwezekano wa kukumbwa na saratani ya kibofu, wapewe dozi ya aspirini.

Jarida linalochapisha habari za utafiti wa wataalamu ''The Lancet'' limearifu kua tembe mbili kwa kila siku zilipunguza saratani ya kibofu kwa asili mia 63% kati ya kundi la wagonjwa 861.

Profesa Sir John Burn wa Chuo kikuu cha Newcastle, aliyeongoza utafiti huo anasema kua ushahidi walioupata umetoa changamoto kubwa kuhusu uwezekano huo.

Wataalamu wengine wamesema kua utafiti huo umetoa mwangaza mpya kwamba aspirini inaweza kutumika katika kutibu saratani kwa ujumla.

Utafiti huu ulifanywa kwa kutumia wagonjwa 861 waliorithi maradhi haya ya saratani ya kibofu, ambayo huathiri mtu mmoja kati ya watu 1,000.

Kuna tatizo la kugundua wagonjwa kama hawa waliorithi magonjwa kama haya na tiba ya viini vya urathi huwa kazi kubwa, ikimaanisha kwamba kuna uwezekano kwao kukumbwa na maradhi kama saratani ya kibofu, kizazi na tumbo.

Uchunguzi wa wagonjwa wote wakati wa majaribio, wale waliokua katika kundi lililopewa miligramu 600 ya vidonge vya aspirini kwa kila siku, 19 kati yao walipatikana na uvimbe ikilinganishwa na uvimbe uliopatikana miongoni mwa wagonjwa ambao walikua wakitazamwa kwa karibu sana, ambao kiwango cha uvimbe kilipungua kwa asili mia 44.

Wataalamu hawa walipochunguza wagonjwa pekee waliotumia dawa hii kwa kipindi cha miaka miwili wakakuta kuna upungufu wa asili mia 63%.

Vilevile tiba hii ina athari juu ya saratani nyingine za uruthi, ambazo pia zilishuka kwa kadiri ya nusu kwa wagonjwa wanaochunguzwa kwa makini.

Profesa Sir John Burn, kutoka Chuo kikuu cha Newcastle alisema kua watu wazima 30,000 nchini Uingereza walirithi saratani ya kibofu.

Profesa Burn aliongezea kusema kua ikiwa watu hao watapewa matibabu basi tutapunguza saratani elfu kumi katika kipindi cha miaka 30 na kuonelea kua hilo linaweza kuepusha vifo takriban 1,000 kutokana na maradhi haya.

Hata hivyo, kuna athari zake pia.

"tukiweza kupunguza saratani 10,000 na kuzusha madonda ya tumbo 1,000 pamoja na kuondoa mishtuko ya moyo 100, kwa fikra za watu wengi ni bora kuliko kusubiri vifo, alisema Profesa Burns.

"watu wenye asili ya familia ambayo huathiriwa na magonjwa ya aina hii, hususan saratani ya kibofu ingefaa wajaribu dozi ndogo ya asipirini kama tabia."

Tangu hapo Aspirini ina sifa ya kupunguza maradhi ya mshituko wa moyo na kiharusi.

Utafiti mwingine katika kipindi cha miongo miwili iliyopita umeonyesha kua dawa aspirini hupunguza hatari ya saratani, ingawa utafiti huu wa sasa ndio wa kwanza kwa kutumia wagonjwa katika majaribio na kuhakiki aspirini katika kutibu saratani.

Moja ya maswali yaliyoulizwa kuhusu utafiti huu ni kama watu ambao hawana matatizo ya afya wala familia zenye historia ya ugonjwa huo wanaweza kutumia dawa hii.

Jibu likawa kua matumizi ya aspirini yanapunguza uwezekano wa saratani na maradhi ya moyo, kwa hiyo ni vizuri lakini kuna athari zake pia. Kwa Profesa Sir John, ni hoja nzuri hio kwa sababu yeye binafsi anaonelea kua athari za dawa hio ikilinganishwa na kiwango cha kuepuka saratani na maradhi ya moyo ni ndogo.

Hata hivyo anaonya kua atakayeamua kutumia aspirini kuepusha balaa la saratani, kiharusi au maradhi mengine ya moyo lazima achukue tahadhari. Matumizi ya dawa hio huongeza uwezekano wa madonda tumboni, kutokwa damu ndani ya tumbo ingawa wataepuka kiharusi kwa kutumia aspirini."

Source: BBC

Wengi wetu tunayajua maji kama H2O. Lakini ki ukweli maji ni zaidi maji ambayo tunayajua sisi.
Katika miaka 30 (1930) wanasayansi wa Kijapani katika wizara ya Ulinzi walikuwa na kikao muhimu ambacho walikuwa wakizungumzia utengenezajia wa silaha za Bakteria. Katika kikao hicho , kinyaji walichokitumia kilikuwa ni maji. Baada ya kumalizika kikao hicho, wanasayansi wote walioshiriki kikao walilazwa Hospitalini na wote waligundulika na dalili ya kula kitu chenye sumu. Jambo hili liliwashangaza watu wengi kwani katika kikao chao badala ya maji hawakunja kitu chengine. Baada ya kuyafanyia uchunguzi maji haikudundulikana sumu yoyote ndani yake. Tukio hili liliwashughulikia wanasayansi wengi duniani.
Baada ya kupita kunako miaka 30, wanasayansi walikuaja kugundua ya kwamba maji yana memory mithili ya Computer amayo huhifadhi matukio yoyote katika mazingira yanayoyazungumka. Wanasayansi wa Kijapani walichukua wali wakaugawa katika visahani vitatu ukiwa umechanganywa na Maji.
Kisahani cha kwanza walikuwa akisema neno „ Mpumbavu“ baada ya kila wakati.
Kisahani cha Pili hawakusema neno lolote.
Kisahani cha tatu walikuwa wakisema neno „ Ahsante“ baada ya Kila wakati.
Utafiti ulionyesha ya Kwamba kisahani cha kwanza kilihabika mapema zaidi na kisahani cha tatui kilichukuwa muda mrefu zaidi bila ya kuharibika.
Vile vile waligundua Microscope maalum ambayo mtu anaweza kutafautisha Structure ya maji iwapo mtu alizungumza neno chafu au Jema. Kwa mfano walitafautisha structure Maji yaliyosaliwa Msikitini na yaleyaliyosaliwa Kanisani.
Watu wote tunaelewa ya kwamba Petrol inaripuka ikitiwa moto. Lakini kama utaichukua Petroli na uyatowe mabaki yote ya Maji basi hairipuki tena. Watu wengi wanaelewa ya kwamba linaporipuka bomu la Kinjuklia watu wengi hufa kwa mionzi ya Radiation. Lakini ukweli ni kwamba watu wengi zaidi hufa kutoka na Maji, kwani Information zote zinazotokana na Bomu hilo huhifadhiwa na maji, na katika eneo la Radius isiopungua km 1000 maji yote huwa sumu.
Kutokana na ukweli huo, maji yanaweza kumdhuru mtu au kumtibu mtu kutona na neno utakalolisema likiwa jema au chafu. Kwa maana hiyo tunapotaka kusali tunajisafisha kwa maji kwa kutamka maneno maalum.
Jambo la kujiuliza ni kwamba kiwiliwili cha binaadamu kwa asilimia 99 kinatoka na maji. Je ni kiasi gani neno jema au chafu huathiri afya zetu?
Hili naomba tuwaachie mashekhe wetu walijadili kwa undani.

Mwenyekiti
ADB


Heart Diseases--Prevention

 Heart disease is the leading cause of the death all over the world. In U.S. over one quarter of all deaths are from heart disease. It is also a major cause of disability. The risk of heart disease increases as you age. You have a greater risk of heart disease if you are a man over age 45 or a woman over age 55. You also are at greater risk if you have a close family member who had heart disease at an early age.
Fortunately, there are many things you can do reduce your chances of getting heart disease. You should
  • Know your blood pressure and keep it under control
  • Exercise regularly
  • Don't smoke
  • Get tested for diabetes and if you have it, keep it under control
  • Know your cholesterol and triglyceride levels and keep them under control
  • Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables
  • Maintain a healthy weight
Source: U.S. National Institute of Health




Sleep Disorders
Is it hard for you to fall asleep or stay asleep though the night? Do you wake up feeling tired or feel very sleepy during the day, even if you have had enough sleep? You might have a sleep disorder. The most common kinds are
  • Insomnia - a hard time falling or staying asleep
  • Sleep apnea - breathing interruptions during sleep
  • Restless legs syndrome - a tingling or prickly sensation in the legs
  • Narcolepsy - daytime "sleep attacks"
Nightmares, night terrors, sleepwalking, sleep talking, head banging, wetting the bed and grinding your teeth are kinds of sleep problems called parasomnias. There are treatments for most sleep disorders. Sometimes just having regular sleep habits can help.

Source: U.S. National Institute of Health

Diabetic Foot

If you have diabetes, your blood sugar levels are too high. Over time, this can damage your nerves or blood vessels. Nerve damage from diabetes can cause you to lose feeling in your feet. You may not feel a cut, a blister or a sore. Foot injuries such as these can cause ulcers and infections. Serious cases may even lead to amputation. Damage to the blood vessels can also mean that your feet do not get enough blood and oxygen. It is harder for your foot to heal, if you do get a sore or infection.
You can help avoid foot problems. First, control your blood sugar levels. Good foot hygiene is also crucial.
NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 


Exercise and physical fitness 

There are 1,440 minutes in every day. Schedule 30 of them for physical activity!
Regular exercise is a critical part of staying healthy. People who are active live longer and feel better. Exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight. It can delay or prevent diabetes, some cancers and heart problems.
Most adults need at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity at least five days per week. Examples include walking briskly, mowing the lawn, dancing, swimming for recreation or bicycling. Stretching and weight training can also strengthen your body and improve your fitness level.
The key is to find the right exercise for you. If it is fun, you are more likely to stay motivated. You may want to walk with a friend, join a class or plan a group bike ride. If you've been inactive for awhile, use a sensible approach and start out slowly.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention


Athari za mpango wa uzazi wa IVF


                     
Mpango wa uzazi ujulikanao kama IVF ama uzazi wa kutegemea sindano umehusiashwa na kuzuka kwa uvimbe katika fuko la uzazi baadaye katika maisha ya mtumiaji.
uzazi wa kupanga
uzazi wa sindano ya IVF
                     Wanawake wanaopewa dawa ya kurutubisha mayai ya uzazi waligunduliwa kuwa na uwezkano mkubwa wa kupata uvimbe wa kizazi ambao unaweza kugeuka kua saratani, wanasema wataalamu wa Uholanzi.
Hata hivyo athari zilizojitokeza ni ndogo sana, wanasema wataalamu.
Shirika la kujitolea linalotoa huduma kuhusiana na saratani linasema kua idadi iliyoshiriki katika utafiti huo uliochapishwa katika jarida lijulikanalo kama 'journal Human Reproduction'', ilikua ndogo mno kuweza kutoa takwimu za uhakika.
Njia ya kurutubisha uzazi
mpango wa IVF

Wakati wa utafiti walitumia wanawake 25,000 waliohudhuria zahanati za kutafuta uzazi kwa kurutubisha huko Uholanzi mnamo miaka 1980 na 1990.
Uchunguzi uliofuata uligundua kua idadi kubwa ya wanawake walioathirika kwa uvimbe wa kizazi ilikua kubwa kuliko ilivyodhaniwa.
Ongezeko kubwa lilikua katika mfano mmoja wa uvimbe ambao mara kwa mara hugeuka kua saratani. Ingawaje aina hii haina makali sana kuliko aina nyingine ya uvimbe wa kizazi huhitaji kufanyiwa upasuaji.
Kwa mujibu wa taasisi ya Uholanzi inayoshughulikia saratani, mjini Amsterdam mwanamke mmoja kati ya wanawake 1,000 huathirika ingawa iligunduliwa kua idadi ya wanawake 3.5 kati ya 1,000 waliofanyiwa urutubishaji wa kizazi.

Ongezeko la kiwango kidogo la uvimbe wa kizazi lilipatikana pia. Kwa ujumla kiwango cha saratani ya kizazi kiliongezeka kwa wanawake waliotumia mfumo wa kurutubisha uzazi, walisema wataalamu.
Prof Flora van Leeuwen, mhariri wa utafiti huo aliiambia BBC kua hatari ni ndogo mno. Lakini kuna ongezeko la hatari ya kuzuka kwa uvimbe usiopona ambao unahitaji tiba ya upasuaji.
"wanawake yafaa wafahamishwe kuhusu hili na athari zake ila athari na hatari zisitiwe chumvi.
Mipango inafanywa kwa uchunguzi zaidi kuthibitisha utafiti huu kwa kutumia washiriki wengi zaidi na kuchunguza kama wanawake wengi wanakabiliwa na hatari ya saratani.
Hata hivyo kuna ushauri kwamba "wanawake wanaweza kupunguza hatari ya saratani ya kizazi kwa kujihadhari uvutaji sigara na wajitahidi kupunguza uzani wao, na wanawake ambao wametumia tembe za kuzuia mimba au walioshika mimba hawana sababu ya kua na wasiwasi

Chanzo: BBC
Cervical Cancer
15/11/2011

The cervix is the lower part of the uterus, the place where a baby grows during pregnancy. Cervical cancer is caused by several types of a virus called human papillomaviruses (HPV). The virus spreads through sexual contact. Most women's bodies are able to fight HPV infection. But sometimes the virus leads to cancer. You're at higher risk if you smoke, have many children, use birth control pills for a long time, or have HIV infection.
Cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms at first, but later, you may have pelvic pain or bleeding from the vagina. It usually takes several years for normal cells in the cervix to turn into cancer cells. Your health care provider can find abnormal cells by doing a Pap test - examining cells from the cervix under a microscope. By getting regular Pap tests and pelvic exams you can find and treat changing cells before they turn into cancer.
A vaccine for girls and young women protects against the four types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers.
NIH: National Cancer Institute

  • Age - the chance of getting breast cancer rises as a woman gets older
  • Genes - there are two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, that greatly increase the risk. Women who have family members with breast or ovarian cancer may wish to be tested.
  • Personal factors - beginning periods before age 12 or going through menopause after age 55
Other risks include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy (also called menopausal hormone therapy), taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having dense breasts.
Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast or discharge from a nipple. Breast self-exam and mammography can help find breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Treatment may consist of radiation, lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
Men can have breast cancer, too, but the number of cases is small.

NIH: National Cancer Institute


You need to have regular visits with your healthcare provider. These prenatal care visits are very important for your baby and yourself. Some things you might do when you are pregnant could hurt your baby, such as smoking or drinking. Some medicines can also be a problem, even ones that a doctor prescribed. You will need to drink plenty of fluids and eat a healthy diet. You may also be tired and need more rest.
Your body will change as your baby grows during the nine months of your pregnancy. Don't hesitate to call your health care provider if you think you have a problem or something is bothering or worrying you.

Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fists. They are located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. Inside each kidney about a million tiny structures called nephrons filter blood. They remove waste products and extra water, which become urine. The urine flows through tubes called ureters to your bladder, which stores the urine until you go to the bathroom.
Damage to the nephrons results in kidney disease. This damage may leave kidneys unable to remove wastes. Usually the damage occurs slowly over years. There are no obvious symptoms, so you don't know it is happening.
Many things can cause kidney disease. You are at risk if you have
  • Diabetes
  • High blood pressure
  • A close family member with kidney disease
Your doctor can run tests to find out if you have kidney disease. If your kidneys fail completely, a kidney transplant or dialysis can replace the work your kidneys normally do.
NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Fortunately, there are many things you can do reduce your chances of getting heart disease. You should
  • Know your blood pressure and keep it under control
  • Exercise regularly
  • Don't smoke
  • Get tested for diabetes and if you have it, keep it under control
  • Know your cholesterol and triglyceride levels and keep them under control
  • Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables
  • Maintain a healthy weight

A stroke is a medical emergency. Strokes happen when blood flow to your brain stops. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die. There are two kinds of stroke. The more common kind, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. "Mini-strokes" or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), occur when the blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted.
Symptoms of stroke are
  • Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body)
  • Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech
  • Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
  • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
  • Sudden severe headache with no known cause
If you have any of these symptoms, you must get to a hospital quickly to begin treatment. Acute stroke therapies try to stop a stroke while it is happening by quickly dissolving the blood clot or by stopping the bleeding. Post-stroke rehabilitation helps individuals overcome disabilities that result from stroke damage. Drug therapy with blood thinners is the most common treatment for stroke.
NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Usingizi na jeni zahusiana

Wanasayansi wanasema mahitaji ya usingizi kwa watu yana uhusiano na jeni zao yaani genes.

Wamegundua kuwa watu wenye aina ya jeni iitwayo ABCC9 wanahitaji takriban dakika thelathini za ziada za usingizi kila usiku kuliko wale wasiokuwa nayo.
                    
Utafiti uliofanywa ulilenga bara la Ulaya na kugundua kuwa humusi ya watu wana aina hiyo ya jeni.

Wanasayansi hao wa Ujerumani na Uingereza wamesema matokeo hayo ni muhimu kwasababu ukosefu wa usingizi unahusishwa na matatizo mengi ya kiafya, kama vile maradhi ya unene na moyo.

Viongozi wa kisiasa, kuanzia mtawala wa zamani wa Ufaransa Napoleon hadi aliyekuwa waziri mkuu wa Uingereza Margaret Thatcher walikuwa na sifa ya kuweza kufanya kazi zao bila matatizo licha ya kulala muda wa saa nne au tano tu kila usiku.

Lakini kwa wengine akiwemo mwanafizikia Albert Einstein hata muda wa saa 10 wa usingizi haukumtosha.

Sasa wanasayansi wanasema tofauti hizi katika mahitaji yetu ya usingizi yanaweza kuelezeka kwa kutazama muundo wa jeni zetu.

Walichambua chembe chembe za asidi nasaba DNA kutoka watu 10,000 kote barani Ulaya- na kuzilinganisha na mitindo yao ya kulala.

Walifikia kauli kwamba watu walio na aina ya jeni iitwayo ABCC9 wanahitaji muda wa nusu saa zaidi usingizini ikilinganishwa na wale wasio na aina hiyo ya jeni.

Mtu mmoja kati ya kila watu watano barani Ulaya wanaaminika kuwa na jeni hiyo ya usingizi mwingi.
Most back pain goes away on its own, though it may take awhile. Taking over-the-counter pain relievers and resting can help. However, staying in bed for more than 1 or 2 days can make it worse.
If your back pain is severe or doesn't improve after three days, you should call your health care provider. You should also get medical attention if you have back pain following an injury.
NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

Every pregnancy has some risk of problems. The causes can be conditions you already have or conditions you develop. They also include being pregnant with more than one baby, previous problem pregnancies, or being over age 35.
If you have a chronic condition, you should talk to your health care provider about how to minimize your risk before you get pregnant. Once you are pregnant, you may need a health care team to monitor your pregnancy. Examples of common conditions that can complicate a pregnancy include
Other conditions that can make pregnancy risky can happen while you are pregnant – for example, gestational diabetes and Rh incompatibility. Good prenatal care can help detect and treat them.
Some discomforts, like nausea, back pain, and fatigue, are common during pregnancy. Sometimes it is hard to know what is normal. Call your doctor or midwife if something is bothering or worrying you.


Breast Cancer
Breast cancer affects one in eight women during their lives. Breast cancer kills more women in the United States than any cancer except lung cancer. No one knows why some women get breast cancer, but there are a number of risk factors. Risks that you cannot change include
  • Age - the chance of getting breast cancer rises as a woman gets older
  • Genes - there are two genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, that greatly increase the risk. Women who have family members with breast or ovarian cancer may wish to be tested.
  • Personal factors - beginning periods before age 12 or going through menopause after age 55
Other risks include being overweight, using hormone replacement therapy (also called menopausal hormone therapy), taking birth control pills, drinking alcohol, not having children or having your first child after age 35 or having dense breasts.
Symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in size or shape of the breast or discharge from a nipple. Breast self-exam and mammography can help find breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Treatment may consist of radiation, lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
Men can have breast cancer, too, but the number of cases is small.
NIH: National Cancer Institute

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